Executive Dysfunction Unveiled: 7 Key Effects to Watch Out For After a Brain Injury

By Esmeralda Garcia-Ramirez. This article was initially published in our Concussion Update newsletter; please consider subscribing.

When it comes to executive dysfunction, we must first understand its relation to executive function. An article from Headway, the U.K. Brain Injury Association, explains that most everyday tasks involve a type of thinking called executive function. These executive function skills are responsible for accomplishing tasks and problem-solving. When one experiences an injury to the brain, resulting executive dysfunction can make it challenging to navigate through everyday life.  

The most common effects to watch out for in executive dysfunction are

Difficulties with motivation: Starting or completing tasks may become more challenging, which may be confused with laziness or detachment. 

Inflexible thinking: Switching between tasks and changing behavior is difficult for an individual. Rather than having “flexible” thinking, one might be stuck with an idea and make it difficult to let go of a statement or behavior.

Trouble problem-solving: Determining solutions through problems and anticipating the consequences of their actions also becomes problematic for an individual. 

Impulsivity: “Acting too quickly or impulsively” without considering the consequences of one’s actions. 

Difficulties controlling emotions: This could lead to sudden outbursts of emotions “such as anger and crying.”

Trouble socializing: Engaging in social situations may become more challenging. Initiating, listening, and participating in conversations can also be difficult. Poor judgment is also a factor; examples include “saying or doing inappropriate things.” 

Attentive and memory problems: Concentrating and learning new information becomes more challenging. One could also experience forgetting memories from the past or present, which can lead to confusion. 

Headway points out these signs to guide a reader to a possible diagnosis. It is essential to discuss your problems with a specialized physician. Seeking counseling, neuropsychology, and rehabilitation may also be beneficial.